Production technology of colorful peppers in summer in northern areas

2021-04-19

In the northeast and parts of northern China, the summer climate is cool, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the summer facilities such as solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are used for the idle period of summer, and the summer flowers are produced. Each mu can harvest 2000-2200kg of colored peppers and 750-1000kg of green peppers. The income is 7,000~8500 yuan.

1, variety selection

Choose high-quality, disease-resistant, high-yielding varieties, such as Xinmeng, Huang Oubao, Huang Guiren, Fulan Minggao, Ark, Century Red and so on.

2, nursery

The sowing period is produced in plastic greenhouses, and is planted from late January to mid-February. The sowing date for the production of colored peppers in a solar greenhouse depends on the end time of the front and back, generally from mid-March to early April.

The nursery facility is equipped with small arch shed seedlings in Yangshuo in the solar greenhouse. The temperature is low from January to February, and the small arch shed is covered with a covering at night, or a hot bed and an electric bed are used to raise seedlings.

The seedling soil is prepared by using fertile garden soil and fully decomposed ring manure which have not been planted in 3 years for 2 years. The pure nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: potassium oxide is 15:15:15 per cubic meter. Yuan compound fertilizer 1 ~ 2kg. Sprinkle a layer of rice husk or grass ash on the floor of the bed, and then lay the bed soil into the seedbed or seedling tray, the thickness of 10~12cm, or put into the nutrient 1010cm×10cm in diameter, and fill it in the seedbed. Sprinkle a layer of fine soil on the surface of the nursery soil (mixing 50% carbendazim WP with 50% thiram WP 1:1, or 25% metalaxyl and 70% mancozeb WP) 9:1 ​​mixed), mixed with 8-10 g per square meter and 15-30 kg of finely sifted fine soil. When planting, 2/3 is placed on the bed surface and 1/3 is covered on the seed. It is also possible to spray the seedbed with 72.2% Pulk water agent 400-600 times after the water is poured in the bed soil before sowing, and use 2 to 4 L per square meter.

sowing

1 seed treatment. The seeds are placed in 55 ° C warm water for 5 to 10 minutes, the amount of water should be 3 to 4 times the amount of seeds, and then soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, rinsed out and rinsed with water.

2 germination. The germination method is: the treated seeds are wrapped with wet sand cloth and placed at 25-30 ° C for germination. Rinse once a day with water and flip once every 4 to 6 hours. After 4 to 6 days, 60% of the seeds can be sown when they are germinated.

3 sowing. Pour the bottom water, cut the bed surface into 10cm×10cm squares after water infiltration, and place one seed in the middle position of each piece (,), and use 1900~2100 seeds per acre. After sowing, spread a layer of medicinal soil, cover the nutrient soil, thick 1 ~ 1.2cm, covered with a layer of newspaper and spray it.

Seedling management

1 temperature. In the emergence of seedlings, the bed temperature is 28 to 32 ° C during the day and 20 to 22 ° C during the night. Before planting, the temperature during the daytime is 23-28 °C, and the nighttime is 18-20 °C.

2 moisture. When the bottom water is sufficient, it will not be watered for about 20 days after sowing. After the leaves of the seedlings are dark green and the soil is dry, the water can be poured 1 or 2 times. Watering is carried out in the morning, using a small water irrigation method.

3 control pests and diseases. Use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to mix bait, poisonous soil on the bed surface to prevent cockroaches, etc., after growing true leaves, spray imidacloprid or aktai to control mites, leaf miner and whitefly; 3 to 5 days before planting Spray 100 times NS83 anti-virus inducer, or spray virion, virus A, etc. after the real leaves, once a week, alternately.

4 protection management. The 40-mesh nylon insect-proof net will be used to seal all the wind-discharging areas of the nursery greenhouse; the nursery shed will be equipped with a shade net, and the light will be blocked when the temperature is too high.

5 strong seedling standards. Plant height 18cm, stem diameter 0.4cm, 10 ~ 12 leaves, leaf color dark green, bud, root system developed, no pests and diseases.

3, timely planting, reasonable close planting

The Solanaceae crop has not been planted for more than 3 years. The soil preparation and the base fertilizer are made of half-high sorghum according to the size, the large row spacing is 80cm, the small row spacing is 40cm, the sputum spacing is 1.2m, and the sputum height is 10~15cm, covering the mulch. The base fertilizer varieties are mainly high-quality organic fertilizers, supplemented by compound fertilizers. Combined with the preparation of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, 3 to 5 cubic meters per mu, and another 50-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 30 kg of super-calcium per acre, and the application of biological fertilizer to improve the soil in the old shed area.

Protective equipment installation

1 Cover the shed film. The greenhouse and the plastic greenhouse are covered with a plastic film with a thickness of 0.08-0.1 mm before planting. The ventilation of the solar greenhouse is located at the top and the front lower part. The ventilation of the plastic greenhouse is set at the lower side of the shed and the sides of the shed are 2 m above the ground.

2 set up insect nets. Use 32~40 mesh nylon insect nets, the settings are as follows: plastic sheds are set up on the lower sides of the shed, the net height is 1~1.5m, and another 50cm wide insect net is placed on both sides of the shed; the top of the solar greenhouse and An insect net is arranged in the front lower part, the top net is 1m wide, and the front lower net is 1.5m high. The insect net is the same length as the shed, and the net is at the door.

3 set shade net. The shade net with a shading rate of 50% to 60% is shaded at a high temperature in the afternoon, and the shade net covers 60% to 80% of the area of ​​the shed. The shade net is installed before planting.

The greenhouse is planted in the middle and late April, and the solar greenhouse is planted from late May to early June. 1 Density: 1800-2000 plants per mu. 2 Method: The plant spacing is 55-60cm, the large row spacing is 80cm, and the small row spacing is 40cm. After the planting, the root water is poured in time, and the soil is covered with the nursery soil.

4. Management after planting

The water and fertilizer management was planted once a day in the gully about 15 days after planting to ensure the soil moisture content and prevent the moisture content before the result from affecting the growth of the colored pepper. The pepper is beaten early, the pepper grows to the size of the egg, and 20 to 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre, and 3 to 5 kg of urea are watered and topdressed to ensure the supply of nutrients in the result period. After the result, the fertilizer is applied once every 20 days, and 10 times per mu. ~15kg ternary compound fertilizer is applied with water, and the micro-fertilizer is sprayed once every 20 days in the growth period.

Pruning double dry pruning leaves 2 trunks, and each branch has 2 fork branches to leave 1 branch to ensure that each plant has 2 trunks to grow upward. 3 Leave 3 trunks in the whole branch, and leave 1 branch to branch in each trunk to ensure that 3 trunks per plant grow upward. Regardless of the double dry pruning or the 3 dry pruning, each of the main poles is pulled by a rope to prevent lodging.

After the flowering of the flower and the color of the flower, the flower needs to be preserved and the fruit is preserved. The Shennong 2 is selected, and 0.8kg is added per water at high temperature, and 0.5kg is added per water at low temperature.

5. Pest control

The main diseases of the summer cultivating of color pepper sheds include squatting disease, late blight, early blight, viral disease, scab, etc. The main pests are aphids, whitefly, whitefly, cotton aphid, tobacco budworm, etc. The principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention” is targeted and targeted at an early stage.

The specific prevention methods are as follows:

1 bed soil is disinfected to prevent low temperature and high humidity of the seedbed to prevent squatting. After the onset, spray 25% toxic mycelium 1000 times solution, or 64% antivirus 矾 500 times solution, 5 to 7 days.

2 After the planting, prevent high temperature and high humidity. After the disease is discovered, use 45% chlorothalonil smog, 150-200g per acre, ignite overnight in the evening, and smoke once in 7 days. Or 64% anti-virus 矾 500 times solution, or 10% Shigao 1500 times liquid spray control.

3 combined with the prevention of aphids, prevention of high temperature and drought, seed disinfection to prevent viral diseases. After colonization, it is sprayed with 100 times of 83 anti-reagents, or 1.5% of phytopathogenic 1000 times solution, or 20% of virus A wettable powder 500 times.

4 Set insect net and yellow plate to prevent mites. Use white powder of 2.5% Uranus EC 300 times, or 5000 times of 25% Aketai water dispersible granules to control whitefly and whitefly. The cotton aphid and the tobacco budworm were controlled by spraying with 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 times in the morning.

5 When planting, use phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to mix poisonous soil, poison bait or venom to the ground to control underground pests.

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